ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the prevalence of iron deficiency(ID)and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnant women in urban areas of China. Methods The study was a national cross-sectional survey conducted from September 19th, 2016 to November 20th, 2016. According to the classification of the National Bureau of Statistics, all survey sites were set up in 6 regions of the country. Pregnant women were continuously selected using multistage stratified sampling. A total of 12 403 pregnant women were collected and examined for serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels. Results The median serum ferritin level during pregnancy was 20.60 μg/L(11.78-36.98 μg/L), the hemoglobin level was(118±12)g/L. With the progress of pregnancy, the levels of serum ferritin and hemoglobin decreased gradually. The median serum ferritin levels in the first, second trimester and third trimester were 54.30 μg/L(34.48-94.01 μg/L), 28.60 μg/L(16.40-50.52 μg/L), and 16.70 μg/L(10.20-27.00 μg/L)respectively(P<0.01). The mean hemoglobin levels were(127 ± 10)g/L,(119 ± 11)g/L and(117 ± 11)g/L respectively(P<0.01). The prevalence of ID in urban pregnant women was 48.16%(5 973/12 403), and IDA prevalence was 13.87% (1 720/12 403). The prevalence of IDA in the first, second trimester and third trimester were 1.96% (20/1 019), 8.40%(293/3 487)and 17.82%(1 407/7 897), respectively(P<0.01). The prevalence of standardized ID and IDA were significantly different in various regions of China(P<0.01). The standardized prevalence of ID were relatively higher in East China and Northeast China, 57.37% and 53.41% respectively, while it was the lowest in Southwest China, 30.51%. The standardized prevalence of IDA in South Central, Northwest, and East China were relatively high, 21.30%, 16.97% and 17.53% respectively, and the standardized prevalence of IDA in Southwest China was the lowest, 5.44%,the differents in various regions were significant(all P<0.01). Conclusion The current phenomenon of ID and IDA in pregnant women is still very common,and nutrition and health care during pregnancy should be strengthened.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of using artificial tears and eye exercise for intervention of dry eye disease in aircrew members. METHODS: A accidental sampling method was used and 86 patients diagnosed with dry eye disease were selected as study subjects. Artificial tears or artificial tears plus eye exercise were used in patients. Symptoms of dry eye disease were investigated. RESULTS: of break up time( BUT) and schirmer I test( SIT) were recorded.RESULTS: The main symptoms of these 86 aviators diagnosed with dry eye disease were visual fatigue( 82. 6%),dry feeling( 60. 5%),and itchy eyes( 29. 1%). Among them,28 patients( 32. 6%) were treated with artificial tears only( artificial tears group) and 58 patients( 67. 4%) were treated with artificial tears plus eye exercise( combined treatment group). The duration of treatment of less than 4 weeks,4-weeks,and 6-9 weeks were 25,36 and 25 cases,respectively.After treatment,the symptoms improved in 71 patients( 82. 6%). All patients of these two groups showed improved SIT and BUT compared with the same group before treatment( P < 0. 01). There was no significant difference in the change of SIT and BUT between the artificial tears group and the combined treatment group after treatment( P > 0. 05). There was statistical significance in the change of SIT in the main effect of treatment time( P < 0. 01),but no significant difference in the main effect of treatment measures and the interaction effect( P > 0. 05). There was no statistical significance in the change of BUT in the main effect of treatment measures,treatment time and the interaction effect( P > 0. 05).CONCLUSION: The intervention using artificial tears or artificial tears combined with eye exercise improved the subjective symptoms of dry eye disease in aircrew members. The SIT and BUT also improved after intervention.